Milk is the most frequently adulterated food product in developing countries. Recent trends in detection of adulteration of milk and. When inferior quality impure water is used to adulterate milk, chances of infection and disease due. Quantitative readings are avaliable by incorporation of the eyal dd04l quantitative reading system.
Unusual adulterantsof late, due to more wide spread use of fertilizers by farmers in india, who are also the primary milk producers, a few new types of adulterants like. Common milk adulteration and their detection techniques core. Other substances have been reported as milk adulterants, such as. Common milk adulteration and their detection techniques. Milk adulteration with melamine screening, testing and real. Methods for detection of common adulterants in milk and milk products. A rapid and in situ method has been developed to detect and quantify adulterated milk powder through adding whey powder by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy libs. The present study was conducted to detect the presence of some common adulterants in milk procured from delhi and ncr.
Melamine has been added to milk and other proteincontaining foods to boost crude protein content, often at risk of sickness or death. Determination of whey adulteration in milk powder by using. Milk is the most commonly adulterated consumable in india. The purpose of this manual is to give the consumer an. Recent trends in detection of adulteration 44 dairy year book2008 milk and milk products adulterants milk water, removal of fat, addition of skim milk, reconstituted milk, skim milk powder thickening agents such as starch, arrowroot, flour, cane sugar. Simultaneous detection of multiple adulterants in dry milk. The addition of urea, detergent, sugars and vanaspati oil to create synthetic milk render it unfit for consumption according to the standards that define the quality of milk. Cent trends in detection of adulteration 43 dairy year book2008recent trends in detection of adulteration of milkand dairy productsmonika gupta and m.
Milk powder is the second most likely food item being in the risk of adulteration after olive oil moore et al. The kit is available in two parts k088b adulteration testing of milk 1. Unusual adulterants of late, due to more wide spread use of fertilizers by farmers in india, who are also the primary milk producers, a few new types of adulterants like urea, ammonium sulphate etc. The presence of buffalo milk in cow milk is tested by hansa test. Milk is transported from point of production to cities mainly through middle man called dodhies. Incidental adulteration occurs when foreign substances are added to a food.
Sitaram dixit chairman, consumer guidance society of india although many known methods for detection of adulteration in milk, exists, the methods compiled below are not only simple and rapid but also very sensitive to detect milk adulteration. Various milk adulterants like water, starch, urea, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, detergents, oil. Simultaneous detection of multiple adulterants in dry milk using macroscale raman chemical imaging jianwei qin, kuanglin chao. Harsh vardhan dedicated systems for detection of adulteration and analysis of milk to the nation on february 20, 2016. Common milk adulteration and their detection techniques tanzina azad and shoeb ahmed abstract food adulteration is a global concern and developing countries are at higher risk associated with it due to lack of monitoring and policies. Shyam narayan jha, in rapid detection of food adulterants and contaminants, 2016. Due to the spectral differences of the three adulterants a nonlinear behaviour is present when all groups of adulterants are in the same data. Evaluation of adulterants commonly found in milk samples. Several reports of adulteration in milk have been reported in recent past. If the colour of milk changes to pinkish red, it is inferred that the milk is adulterated with sodium carbonate sodium bicarbonate and so unfit for human consumption. Product overview chemsee has developed unique methods and techniques for the detection of adulterants in milk.
Ms that have been developed and employed for the last 25 years. When cutting agents are added to drugs to reduce their expense, the added substances are considered to be adulterants. Methods of detection of adulteration of milk, inoxpa. Rosolic acid test soda test take 5 ml of milk in a test tube and add 5 ml alcohol followed by 23 drops of rosolic acid.
In the present study, nearinfrared spectroscopy nirs was explored as a fast and reliable screening method for the detection of adulteration of skim milk powder smp. Consumption of adulterated milk causes serious health problems and a great concern to the food industry. While performing the experiment detection of ammonium sulphate in milk, a pink color result is observed. An adulterant is a substance found within other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuel or other chemicals that compromises the safety or effectiveness of said substance it will not normally be present in any specification or declared contents of the substance, and may not be legally allowed. Analysis of milk quality, adulteration and mastitis in. Leather flakes and coal tar dye are those types of adulterants which are carcinogenic faheem et al 2014. The most simple and reliable test is the detection of changes in color due to the presence of contaminants in milk by adding different chemicals. One ml of milk is diluted with 4 ml of water and then it is treated with 1 ml of antiserum.
Adulterants are added in milk to increase these parameters, thereby increasing the milk quality in dishonest way. Some adulterants like detergents are used to intensify the cosmetic nature of milk. Most of the it chemicals used as adulterants are poisonous and cause health hazards. Five years ago, the increasing number of renal failures in dogs and cats alerted the authorities to a problem in the pet food supply chain. Milk adulteration has been a significant problem in most of the developing countries including india. Ce, elisa, fampst, ftir, nir spectroscopy, page, ief, dna. Growth inhibitors are very critical when it comes to milk contamination since they will impede the growth of fermentative bacteria necessary for fermentation. However, milk production is extensively reduced during summer months due to heat stress, scarcity of fodder etc. This is done for economic advantage when a country has milk powder in excess or subsidy is provided for dried powder milk guan et al. Among all foods, milk adulteration is the most common one, being very easy and lucrative. Kim environmental microbial and food safety laboratory, henry a. Thirty milk samples, both open and branded were qualitatively analyzed for adulteration.
This paper investigates the different milk adulterants and two methods of detecting them. Common adulterants include water added to increase volume baptizing the milk, preservatives added to improve the keeping quality of the milk such as hydrogen peroxide, antibiotics, and. Common adulterants in milk and milk products the table 1 below lists common adulterants, for which detection methods have been provided in this technews, and the purpose for which these adulterants are. Milk adulteration with melamine screening, testing and. A study on status of milk adulterants using in milk of. Adulterant in food is normally present in its most crude form, prohibited substances are either added or partly or wholly substituted. Atsite screening of adulterant levels in bovine milk by. Qualitative detection of adulterants in milk can be easily performed with chemical. Hygienic status of milk was measured by using methylene blue reduction test a. It can detect as many as four adulterants in a single test, avisek says to the new indian express, the fssai identifies about 33 adulterants in milk, and the device so far can detect the presence of glucose, urea, boric acid and detergent. Srivastava, 2015 studied that chicory and tamarind seed powder used as an adulterants in coffee samples.
Targeted and untargeted detection of skim milk powder. Detection of adulteration and analysis of milk ceeri. Pdf common milk adulteration and their detection techniques. The kit for adulteration testing of milk is a kit designed for the detection of common seventeen milk adulterants in the milk sample. Milk adulteration with melamine screening, testing and realtime detection the adulteration of proteinbased food products with melamine is now a wellknown issue. The methodology is based on elemental composition differences between milk and whey products. Detection of several common adulterants in raw milk by mid. Page 1 of 4 test yourself detect adulteration in milk dr. Typical adulterants and their health hazards on humans a water water is the most common adulterant added to increase the volume of milk which in turn decreases the nutritive value of milk. Adulteration in milk and its detection linkedin slideshare.
Detection of adulterants in milk detection of ammonium sulphate 2 ml. Common food adulterants and their effect on human health adulteraion of food refers to mixing other matter of an inferior and sometimes harmful quality with food or drink intended to be sold. There are many methods known for detection of adulteration in milk but the methods discussed below are simple but rapid and sensitive methods to detect adulteration i. Qualitative analysis of milk adulterants in various. Identification between milk and whey powders was performed with chemometrics. The mixture was heated in boiling water bath for 20 seconds. Mixing of melamine in milk and infant formula products. Wallace beltsville agricultural research centre, agricultural research service, united states department of. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Additionally, a reference list of methods, which are not included above, has also been provided based on the methods provided by the bureau of indian standards bis for detection of adulterants in milk and milk products. Common food adulterants and their effect on human health. Composition and adulteration analysis of milk 1128 total solids, water and ash the total solids, water and ash were determined by the method of aoac 2000. Find out different adulterants added to milk other than the mentioned, and the tests for detecting them.
While water is added in milk its foamy look diminishes, so to offer milk a foamy look artificially detergents are added in it. Nowadays milk is being adulterated in more sophisticated ways that demands for cutting edge research for the detection of the adulterants. The addition of simple compounds is still common practice to enhance the value of poorquality milk or simply to. Wagh college of agriculture,nasik 9421472268 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. It exists both in the backward and advanced countries. Wallace beltsville agricultural research centre, agricultural research service, united. The common milk adulterants include water, skim milk powder, cane sugar sucrose, starch, fat, ammonium sulpahate, etc. Adulteration of milk reduces the quality of milk and can even make it hazardous.
However, this is one of the most common phenomena that has been overlooked in many countries. R of a cow milk sample is less than 28, it indicates added water in milk sample. Adulteration of milk by addition of water can easily be detected in the field using a lactometer 18. Quick test for some adulterants in food 3tinstruction manual part ii methods for detection of adulterants 3tfood is essential for nourishment and sustenance of life. Detection kits are now avaliable for nitrite, nitrate and formaldehyde in milk products. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 300k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. For more information and pricing, please contact us. Recent trends in detection of adulteration of milk and dairy. Hydrogen peroxide h 2o2 detection h2o2 was determined by using per oxide strips.
Detection of common adulterants in milk from delhi and ncr. Adulteration of food cheats the consumer and can pose serious risk to health in some cases. Analysis of milk quality, adulteration and mastitis in milk. The purpose of adulterating milk is to artificially increase the volume andor mask inferior quality product for economic gain. Pdf food adulteration is an act for debasing the quality of food with an admixture or through the substitution of inferior substances or by.
The paper contains reagents spread across the length of the. Detect milk adulteration with paper strip invented by iit. These changes may be brought about by addition of some foreign matter to milk or by removing some more valuable ingredients e. Adulterant in food is normally present in its most crude form, prohibited substances are. Milk adulteration and its detection methods 485 tests which have to be done in laboratory adulterant method of detection vanaspati take 3ml of milk in a test tube, add 10 drops of hcl. Milk adulteration milk adulteration may be defined as any change caused in the natural level of milk ingredients. The main work of the research is to extract the valid information of adulterants and discriminate them from the raw milk. Milk powder, sweet and acid whey powders were produced as standard samples, and milk powder was adulterated with whey. Adulterants are mainly added to increase the shelf life of milk.
The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. But if contaminated water is added to milk, it is a serious. Urea, being a natural constituent of raw milk, has a maximum limit imposed by fssai. Sometimes milk powder as an adulterant is added in fresh milk. Therefore these methods can be used for reliable detection of. The samples were subjected to various physicochemical analyses for various adulterants. Soya milk, cheese whey, synthetic milk to substitute milk with cheaper milk like ingredients in the past the menace of adulteration has assumed serious proportions as highlighted by many media reports as well as by the report of food safety and standard authority of india fssai. Due to the complexity of the milk which can result in overlapped peaks of many constituents, the main constituents in milk are identified according to the fingerprint characters, including. Milk is a common target for adulteration, which is of significant concern to both producers and consumers. Hair removing powders and urea are added for whitening milk and giving it authentic look 10. Milk adulterants testing kit mat kit milk testing laboratory wtoqol, uvas, lahore. Some common milk adulterants include water, whey, sodium hydroxide, urea, melamine and other potentially harmful substances. Adulterants like soap, acid, starch, table sugar and chemicals like formalin may be added to the milk.
Milk fraud involves the addition of compounds that can be complex organic substances, such as carbohydrates or proteins, to simple substances such as water and inorganic salts balabin and smirnov, 2011, souza et al. Libs is a rapid and in situ method for determination of whey powder adulteration in milk powder. In the food and drug industry, many more examples of adulterants may be found. In this note, we describe the use of the dairyguard milk powder analyzer and the novel adulterant screen algorithm to detect seven potential adulterants in milk powder at levels well below 1%, without any timeconsuming pls or other chemometric calibrations. The characteristic precipitation reaction indicates the presence of buffalo milk in the sample taken. When water is added to pure milk, it undergoes a change in its physical and nutritional constituents. Insert issued along with cgsi milk adulteration test kit. Mineral contents of milk and whey powders were measured by libs. Sixty genuine smp were adulterated with acid whey 125 % ww, starch 2 and 5 % and maltodextrin 2 and 5 % for a total of 348 adulterated samples. Qualitative detection of adulterants in milk are simple color based chemical. A total of 150 random samples of milk and some milk products 30 samples from each of raw cows milk, uht milk, thick cream, imported butter, farmers butter were collected from different regions.